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Family court terms in plain English
Family court uses words that most parents have never needed before. This glossary explains them in simple language so you can understand what is being said about your family. These are short explanations, not legal definitions for your case.
Best interests of the child
The standard courts use to make decisions about children. It should mean what is best for the child over time, not just what settles the case in front of the court.
Child Protective Services (CPS)
The state agency that investigates reports of child abuse or neglect. It may be called something different in your state.
Clear and convincing evidence
A high standard of proof. It means more likely than not, and closer to certain. Courts use it when a parent's rights are at stake.
Custody evaluator
A professional who assesses a family and makes recommendations to the court about custody and parenting time.
Due process
The right to a fair process before the government takes away something important, like your relationship with your child. It includes notice, a chance to be heard, and an impartial decision.
Ex parte
A court action taken with only one side present, often without notice to the other parent. Courts use it for urgent situations, but it can be misused.
Guardian ad Litem (GAL)
A person appointed by the court to represent a child's interests in a case. A GAL is not the child's lawyer. They advise the court on what they think is best for the child.
Jurisdiction
The court's authority to hear and decide a case. A state court only has jurisdiction if it meets certain legal rules.
Mediation
A process where a neutral person helps parents try to reach an agreement instead of asking the court to decide for them.
Motion
A formal request asking the court to do something, like change an order or schedule a hearing.
Parenting plan
A written document that sets out how parents will raise their child after separation, including time with each parent and how decisions are made.
Protective order
A court order that requires one person to stay away from or not contact another person. It is meant to protect someone from harm or harassment.
Reunification
The process of rebuilding a relationship between a parent and child after separation. It should happen safely and at the child's pace.
Subpoena
A court order requiring someone to appear in court or produce documents.
This glossary is here to help you understand the words. It is not legal advice. A licensed family law attorney in your state can explain how these terms apply to your case.